中考物理基础知识（十二）:第十九章：生活用电

Basic Physics Knowledge for Senior High School Entrance Exam (12): Chapter 19 Electricity in Daily Life

李宏 湖北省十堰市郧阳中学

Li Hong Yunyang High School, Shiyan City, Hubei Province

第十九章：生活用电-[中考物理基础知识]

Chapter 19: Household Electricity - [Basic Knowledge of Physics for High School Entrance Examination]

113．家庭电路的组成：家庭电路由进户线、电能表、闸刀开关、保险丝、开关、用电器、插座、导线等组成。

Composition of a household circuit: A household circuit consists of service entrance wires, an electric energy meter, a knife switch, fuses, switches, electrical appliances, sockets, conductors and other components.

114．家庭电路中触电的情况：

Types of electric shock in household circuits:

（1）单线触电：站在地上的人接触到火线；

Single-wire electric shock: A person standing on the ground touches the live wire;

（2）双线触电：站在绝缘体上的人同时接触到火线和零线。

Double-wire electric shock: A person standing on an insulator touches the live wire and the neutral wire at the same time.

115．触电急救常识：发现有人触电，不能直接去拉触电人，应首先切断电源或用绝缘棒使触电人脱离电源。

First aid knowledge for electric shock: If someone is found suffering from an electric shock, do not pull the victim directly. First, cut off the power supply or use an insulating rod to separate the victim from the power supply.

发生火灾时，要首先切断电源，决不能带电泼水救火。为了安全用电，要做到不接触低压带电体，不靠近高压带电体。

In case of a fire, cut off the power supply first, and never pour water on a fire with the power on. For safe electricity use, avoid touching low-voltage live parts and approaching high-voltage live parts.

116．安全用电：

Safe electricity use:

（1）电路中电流过大的原因：①短路 ；②用电器总功率过大。

Causes of excessive current in a circuit: ① Short circuit; ② Excessive total power of electrical appliances connected to the circuit.

（2）保险丝的特点： 电阻率大、熔点低。

Characteristics of a fuse: High resistivity and low melting point.

保险丝的作用：当电路中电流过大时保险丝发热熔断，切断电路。

Function of a fuse: When the current in the circuit is excessive, the fuse heats up and blows out to interrupt the circuit.

（3）电压越高越危险；不能用湿手触摸用电器；注意防雷。

The higher the voltage, the greater the danger; Do not touch electrical appliances with wet hands; Pay attention to lightning protection.

Explorer of Innovative Thinking

Author: Li Hong

Yunyang High School, Shiyan City, Hubei Province

February 9, 2026